45 Zypper skipanir til að stjórna Suse Linux pakkastjórnun
SUSE (Software and System Entwicklung (Þýskaland) sem þýðir hugbúnaðar- og kerfisþróun, á ensku) Linux liggur ofan á Linux kjarna sem Novell kom með. SUSE kemur í tveimur pakkningum. Einn þeirra heitir OpenSUSE, sem er aðgengilegur að kostnaðarlausu (frjáls sem í ræðu og ókeypis eins og í víni). Þetta er samfélagsdrifið verkefni fullt af nýjustu forritastuðningi, nýjasta stöðuga útgáfan af OpenSUSE Linux er 13.2.
Hin er SUSE Linux Enterprise sem er viðskiptaleg Linux dreifing hönnuð sérstaklega fyrir fyrirtæki og framleiðslu. SUSE Linux Enterprise útgáfan kemur með margs konar fyrirtækjaforritum og eiginleikum sem henta fyrir framleiðsluumhverfi, nýjasta stöðuga útgáfan af SUSE Linux Enterprise Edition er 12.
Þú gætir viljað skoða ítarlegar uppsetningarleiðbeiningar fyrir SUSE Linux Enterprise Server á:
- Uppsetning á SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12
Zypper og YaST eru pakkastjóri fyrir SUSE Linux, sem virkar ofan á RPM.
YaST sem stendur fyrir Yet another Setup Tool er tól sem virkar á OpenSUSE og SUSE Enterprise útgáfu til að stjórna, setja upp og stilla SUSE Linux.
Zypper er skipanalínuviðmót ZYpp pakkastjóra til að setja upp, fjarlægja og uppfæra SUSE. ZYpp er pakkastjórnunarvélin sem knýr bæði Zypper og YaST.
Hér í þessari grein munum við sjá Zypper í aðgerð, sem mun vera að setja upp, uppfæra, fjarlægja og gera allt annað sem pakkastjóri getur gert. Hérna förum við…
Mikilvægt: Mundu að allar þessar skipanir eru ætlaðar fyrir kerfisbreytingar og því verður að keyra sem rót, annars mun skipunin mistakast.
Að fá grunnhjálp með Zypper
1. Keyra zypper án valkosts, mun gefa þér lista yfir alla alþjóðlega valkosti og skipanir.
# zypper Usage: zypper [--global-options]
2. Til að fá hjálp við tiltekna skipun segðu 'í' (settu upp), keyrðu skipanirnar hér að neðan.
# zypper help in
OR
# zypper help install
install (in) [options] <capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
of <, <=, =, >=, >.
Command options:
--from <alias|#|URI> Select packages from the specified repository.
-r, --repo <alias|#|URI> Load only the specified repository.
-t, --type Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product, srcpackage).
Default: package.
-n, --name Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
-C, --capability Select packages by capability.
-f, --force Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall),
downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
--oldpackage Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
it will not enforce a reinstall.
--replacefiles Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
......
3. Leitaðu að pakka (segjum gnome-desktop) áður en þú setur upp.
# zypper se gnome-desktop Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ......................................................... [done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' metadata ..............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' cache ...................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' metadata ...........................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' cache ................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' metadata ...................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' cache ........................................................[done] Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... S | Name | Summary | Type --+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+----------- | gnome-desktop2-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop2 | package | gnome-desktop2 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Common data files | package | gnome-desktop-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop | package | gnome-desktop-sharp2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop-sharp2 | package | gnome-desktop2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop2 | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package | libgnome-desktop-3_0-common-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package | gnome-desktop-sharp2 | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop | package | libgnome-desktop-2-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package | gnome-desktop-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop | package | libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package | gnome-desktop | The GNOME Desktop API Library | srcpackage
4. Fáðu upplýsingar um mynsturpakka (segja lamp_server) með eftirfarandi skipun.
# zypper info -t pattern lamp_server Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Information for pattern lamp_server: ------------------------------------ Repository: openSUSE-13.2-Update Name: lamp_server Version: 20141007-5.1 Arch: x86_64 Vendor: openSUSE Installed: No Visible to User: Yes Summary: Web and LAMP Server Description: Software to set up a Web server that is able to serve static, dynamic, and interactive content (like a Web shop). This includes Apache HTTP Server, the database management system MySQL, and scripting languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Perl. Contents: S | Name | Type | Dependency --+-------------------------------+---------+----------- | apache2-mod_php5 | package | | php5-iconv | package | i | patterns-openSUSE-base | package | i | apache2-prefork | package | | php5-dom | package | | php5-mysql | package | i | apache2 | package | | apache2-example-pages | package | | mariadb | package | | apache2-mod_perl | package | | php5-ctype | package | | apache2-doc | package | | yast2-http-server | package | | patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |
5. Til að opna zypper skellotu skaltu keyra skipunina fyrir neðan.
# zypper shell OR # zypper sh zypper> help Usage: zypper [--global-options]
Athugið: Á Zypper skel skaltu slá inn „hjálp“ til að fá lista yfir alþjóðlega valkosti og skipanir.
Zypper geymslustjórnun
6. Notaðu zypper repos eða zypper lr skipanir til að skrá allar skilgreindar geymslur.
# zypper repos OR # zypper lr | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
7. Listaðu zypper URI á töfluna.
# zypper lr -u # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2/ 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2-non-oss/ 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/non-oss/ 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/ 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/ 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/
8. Skrá geymsluforgang og skrá eftir forgangi.
# zypper lr -P # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | Priority --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+--------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | 99 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | 99 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | 99 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | 99 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 85 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | 99 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | 99 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
9. Notaðu skipanir zypper refresh eða zypper ref til að endurnýja zypper repositories.
# zypper refresh OR # zypper ref Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date. All repositories have been refreshed.
10. Til að endurnýja tiltekna geymslu segðu „repo-non-oss“, sláðu inn:
# zypper refresh repo-non-oss Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date. Specified repositories have been refreshed.
11. Til að þvinga uppfærslu á geymslu segðu „repo-non-oss“, sláðu inn:
# zypper ref -f repo-non-oss Forcing raw metadata refresh Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done] Forcing building of repository cache Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done] Specified repositories have been refreshed.
Hér notum við „zypper modifyrepo“ eða „zypper mr“ skipanir til að slökkva á, virkja zypper geymslur.
12. Áður en þú gerir geymsluna óvirka, verður þú að vita að í Zypper hefur hver geymsla sitt einstaka númer, sem er notað til að slökkva á eða virkja geymslu.
Segjum að þú viljir slökkva á geymslunni „repo-oss“, til að slökkva á því fyrst þarftu að slá inn númerið með því að slá inn eftirfarandi skipun.
# zypper lr # | Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh --+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+-------- 1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No 2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes 3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes 4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes 5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes 6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | No | Yes 7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes 8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes 9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
Sérðu í úttakinu hér að ofan að geymslan „repo-oss“ hefur númer 6, til að slökkva á þessu þarftu að tilgreina númer 6 ásamt eftirfarandi skipun.
# zypper mr -d 6 Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
13. Til að virkja aftur sama geymslu 'repo-oss', sem birtist í númer 6 (eins og sýnt er í dæminu hér að ofan).
# zypper mr -e 6 Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
14. Virkjaðu sjálfvirka endurnýjun og „skyndiminni“ rpm skrá fyrir endurhverfu segðu „repo-non-oss“ og stilltu forgang þess á að segja 85.
# zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85) Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
15. Slökktu á skyndiminni rpm skráar fyrir allar geymslurnar.
# zypper mr -Ka RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
16. Virkja rpm skrá skyndiminni fyrir allar geymslur.
# zypper mr -ka RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
17. Slökktu á skyndiminni rpm skráar fyrir ytri geymslur.
# zypper mr -Kt RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
18. Virkja rpm skrá skyndiminni fyrir ytri geymslur.
# zypper mr -kt RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'. RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
Þú getur notað hvaða skipana sem er – 'zypper addrepo' eða 'zypper ar'. Þú getur notað endurgreiðsluvefslóð eða samnefni til að bæta við geymslu.
19. Bættu við geymslu og segðu http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/.
# zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done] Repository 'update' successfully added Enabled : Yes Autorefresh : No GPG check : Yes URI : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
20. Endurnefna geymslu. Það mun aðeins breyta samnefninu. Þú getur notað skipunina 'zypper namerepo' eða 'zypper nr'. Til að endurnefna aka breyta samnefni endurhverfu sem birtist við númer 10 (zypper lr) í upd8 skaltu keyra skipunina hér að neðan.
# zypper nr 10 upd8 Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
21. Fjarlægðu geymslu. Það mun fjarlægja geymsluna úr kerfinu. Þú getur notað skipunina 'zypper removerepo' eða 'zypper rr'. Til að fjarlægja endurhverfu segðu „upd8“ skaltu keyra skipunina hér að neðan.
# zypper rr upd8 # Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done] Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
Pakkastjórnun með Zypper
22. Með Zypper getum við sett upp pakka byggða á nafni hæfileikans. Til dæmis, til að setja upp pakka (segjum Mozilla Firefox) með því að nota hæfileikaheiti.
# zypper in MozillaFirefox Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 128 NEW packages are going to be installed: adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-atk-common at-spi2-atk-gtk2 at-spi2-core cantarell-fonts cups-libs desktop-file-utils fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders gstreamer gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gstreamer-plugins-base gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese gtk2-metatheme-adwaita gtk2-theming-engine-adwaita gtk2-tools gtk3-data gtk3-metatheme-adwaita gtk3-tools hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE libasound2 libatk-1_0-0 libatk-bridge-2_0-0 libatspi0 libcairo2 libcairo-gobject2 libcanberra0 libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk2-module libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module-common libcdda_interface0 libcdda_paranoia0 libcolord2 libdrm2 libdrm_intel1 libdrm_nouveau2 libdrm_radeon1 libFLAC8 libfreebl3 libgbm1 libgdk_pixbuf-2_0-0 libgraphite2-3 libgstapp-1_0-0 libgstaudio-1_0-0 libgstpbutils-1_0-0 libgstreamer-1_0-0 libgstriff-1_0-0 libgsttag-1_0-0 libgstvideo-1_0-0 libgthread-2_0-0 libgtk-2_0-0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz0 libjasper1 libjbig2 libjpeg8 libjson-c2 liblcms2-2 libLLVM libltdl7 libnsssharedhelper0 libogg0 liborc-0_4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1_0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpulse0 libsndfile1 libsoftokn3 libspeex1 libsqlite3-0 libstartup-notification-1-0 libtheoradec1 libtheoraenc1 libtiff5 libvisual libvorbis0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-server0 libX11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xfixes0 libXcomposite1 libXcursor1 libXdamage1 libXevie1 libXfixes3 libXft2 libXi6 libXinerama1 libxkbcommon-0_4_3 libXrandr2 libXrender1 libxshmfence1 libXtst6 libXv1 libXxf86vm1 Mesa Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libglapi0 metatheme-adwaita-common MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin pango-tools sound-theme-freedesktop The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected: gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese libcanberra0 libpulse0 PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin 128 new packages to install. Overall download size: 77.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 200.0 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch (1/128), 74.1 KiB (115.6 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)] Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch (2/128), 40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done] Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
23. Settu upp pakka (td gcc) með útgáfu.
# zypper in 'gcc<5.1' Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
24. Settu upp pakka (segjum gcc) fyrir arkitektúr (segjum i586).
# zypper in gcc.i586 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64 (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)] Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64 (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked) Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]
25. Settu upp pakka (td gcc) fyrir tiltekinn arkitektúr (segjum i586) og sérstaka útgáfu (segðu <5.1),
# zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1' Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed: cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49 13 new packages to install. Overall download size: 14.4 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked) In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked) In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (3/13), 41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
26. Settu upp pakka (segjum libxine) úr geymslunni (amarok).
# zypper in amarok upd:libxine1 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 202 NEW packages are going to be installed: amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4 kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l .....
27. Settu upp pakka (segðu git) með nafni (-n).
# zypper in -n git Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 35 NEW packages are going to be installed: cvs cvsps fontconfig git git-core git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web libserf-1-1 libsqlite3-0 libXft2 libXrender1 libXss1 perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-DBD-SQLite perl-DBI perl-Error perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Params-Util perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement perl-Term-ReadKey subversion subversion-perl tcl tk xhost The following 13 recommended packages were automatically selected: git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement The following package is suggested, but will not be installed: git-daemon 35 new packages to install. Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
28. Settu upp pakka með því að nota jokertákn. Til dæmis, settu upp alla php5 pakka.
# zypper in php5*
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
Problem: php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64 requires smtp_daemon, but this requirement cannot be provided
uninstallable providers: exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.i586[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.i586[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.i586[repo-update]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.x86_64[repo-update]
Solution 1: Following actions will be done:
do not install php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64
do not install php5-pear-Auth_SASL-1.0.6-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Http-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Image-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Kolab_Format-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Ldap-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Memcache-2.0.1-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
....
29. Settu upp pakka (segja lamp_server) með mynstur (hópur af pakka).
# zypper in -t pattern lamp_server ading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 29 NEW packages are going to be installed: apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server perl-Data-Dump perl-Encode-Locale perl-File-Listing perl-HTML-Parser perl-HTML-Tagset perl-HTTP-Cookies perl-HTTP-Daemon perl-HTTP-Date perl-HTTP-Message perl-HTTP-Negotiate perl-IO-HTML perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-libwww-perl perl-Linux-Pid perl-LWP-MediaTypes perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-Net-HTTP perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Tie-IxHash perl-TimeDate perl-URI perl-WWW-RobotRules yast2-http-server The following NEW pattern is going to be installed: lamp_server The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected: apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork perl-Data-Dump perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-TimeDate yast2-http-server 29 new packages to install. Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
30. Settu upp pakka (t.d. nano) og fjarlægðu pakka (segðu vi) í einu lagi.
# zypper in nano -vi Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... '-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities. Resolving package dependencies... The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed: nano nano-lang The following package is going to be REMOVED: vim The following recommended package was automatically selected: nano-lang 2 new packages to install, 1 to remove. Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ...
31. Settu upp rpm pakka (segjum teamviewer).
# zypper in teamviewer*.rpm Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 24 NEW packages are going to be installed: alsa-oss-32bit fontconfig-32bit libasound2-32bit libexpat1-32bit libfreetype6-32bit libgcc_s1-gcc49-32bit libICE6-32bit libjpeg62-32bit libpng12-0-32bit libpng16-16-32bit libSM6-32bit libuuid1-32bit libX11-6-32bit libXau6-32bit libxcb1-32bit libXdamage1-32bit libXext6-32bit libXfixes3-32bit libXinerama1-32bit libXrandr2-32bit libXrender1-32bit libXtst6-32bit libz1-32bit teamviewer The following recommended package was automatically selected: alsa-oss-32bit 24 new packages to install. Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ..
32. Til að fjarlægja hvaða pakka sem er, geturðu notað „zypper remove“ eða „zypper rm“ skipanir. Til dæmis, til að fjarlægja pakka (segjum apache2), keyrðu:
# zypper remove apache2 Or # zypper rm apache2 Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following 2 packages are going to be REMOVED: apache2 apache2-prefork 2 packages to remove. After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y (1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done] (2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
33. Uppfærðu alla pakka. Þú getur notað skipanir „zypper update“ eða „zypper up“.
# zypper up OR # zypper update Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Nothing to do.
34. Uppfærðu tiltekna pakka (segja apache2 og openssh).
# zypper up apache2 openssh Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
35. Settu upp pakka segðu (mariadb) ef hann er ekki uppsettur, ef hann er uppsettur uppfærðu hann.
# zypper in mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
Þú getur notað „zypper source-install“ eða „zypper si“ skipanir til að byggja pakka frá uppruna.
36. Settu upp frumpakka og byggðu ósjálfstæði þeirra fyrir pakka (segðu mariadb).
# zypper si mariadb Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed: autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel The following source package is going to be installed: mariadb 36 new packages to install, 1 source package. Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
37. Settu aðeins upp upprunann fyrir pakka (segðu mariadb).
# zypper in -D mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
38. Settu aðeins upp byggingarháðirnar fyrir pakka (segðu mariadb).
# zypper si -d mariadb Reading installed packages... Loading repository data... Resolving package dependencies... The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed: autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel The following package is recommended, but will not be installed due to conflicts or dependency issues: readline-doc 36 new packages to install. Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
39. Settu upp pakka (segjum mariadb) án samskipta notanda.
# zypper --non-interactive in mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... 'mariadb' is already installed. No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed. Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
40. Fjarlægðu pakka (segjum mariadb) án samskipta notanda.
# zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... The following package is going to be REMOVED: mariadb 1 package to remove. After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y (1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
41. Úttak zypper í xml.
# zypper --xmlout Usage: zypper [--global-options] <command> [--command-options] [arguments] Global Options ....
42. Búðu til hljóðlát framleiðsla við uppsetningu.
# zypper --quiet in mariadb The following NEW package is going to be installed: mariadb 1 new package to install. Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used. Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): ...
43. Búðu til rólegt framleiðsla við uppsetningu SÞ.
# zypper --quiet rm mariadb
44. Auto samþykkir leyfi/samninga.
# zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses Loading repository data... Reading installed packages... Resolving package dependencies... Nothing to do.
45. Ef þú vilt hreinsa aðeins zypper skyndiminni geturðu notað eftirfarandi skipun.
# zypper clean All repositories have been cleaned up.
Ef þú vilt hreinsa lýsigögn og pakka skyndiminni í einu gætirðu viljað senda –all/-a með zypper as.
# zypper clean -a All repositories have been cleaned up.
46. Til að skoða skrár yfir uppsetta, uppfærða eða fjarlægða pakka í gegnum zypper, eru skráðir inn /var/log/zypp/history. Þú gætir notað það til að skoða eða notað síu til að fá sérsniðna úttak.
# cat /var/log/zypp/history 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|insserv-compat|0.1-12.2.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6160de7fbf961a279591a83a1550093a581214d9| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libX11-data|1.6.2-5.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|f1cb58364ba9016c1f93b1a383ba12463c56885a| 2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libnl-config|3.2.25-2.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|aab2ded312a781e93b739b418e3d32fe4e187020| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|wireless-regdb|2014.06.13-1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|be8cb16f3e92af12b5ceb977e37e13f03c007bd1| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a| 2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa| ......
47. Þú getur notað 'dist-upgrade' valkostinn með zypper skipuninni til að uppfæra núverandi Suse Linux í nýjustu útgáfuna.
# zypper dist-upgrade You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command. Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done] Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done] Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
Það er allt í bili. Vona að þessi grein myndi hjálpa þér við að stjórna þér SUSE kerfi og netþjóni sérstaklega fyrir nýliða. Ef þú telur að ég hafi skilið eftir ákveðnar skipanir (Mannlegar eru rangar) gætirðu gefið okkur athugasemdirnar í athugasemdunum svo að við getum uppfært greinina. Vertu í sambandi, haltu áfram að skrifa athugasemdir, fylgstu með. Til hamingju!